Cut back after flowering in early autumn (optional)

Most perennials and ornamental grasses that die back to soil level can be cut back in autumn. Cutting back neatens the garden, improves a plant's appearance, and helps bolster next year's flower production. However, some prefer to leave plants alone until spring. Either choice is fine, and it is up to you.

Once a plant has flowered and fertilisation has taken place, it usually directs its energy into producing seeds, not flowers. By cutting back into thicker stems, stronger flowering shoots and a greater number of flowers will be produced.

- Using shears or secateurs, cut stems to the base of the plant. If there is new basal growth, cut just above it. This often happens with Asters and Sedums. 

- Perennials that produce stems from below soil below, including Crocosmia (montbretia) and Paeonia (peony), should be cut back to soil level.

- Attractive stems, flowerheads, or seedheads can be left until spring. Seedheads left over winter are often a source of food for birds and other wildlife.

- Remove and burn any plant material showing signs of disease such as leaf spot, mildew, or rust.

- In early spring, mulch and feed any plants cut back in autumn.