Cut the main stems of large bush, tea and hybrid perpetual roses

In late winter to early spring, cut out any dead, damaged or diseased stems first. Then you are left with healthy strong stems.

Cut back the strongest stems to 10-15cm (4-6in) above ground where last year's growth began. Shorten less vigorous shoots approximately 5-10cm (2-4in) from the base, with two-four buds on each shoot. Always prune to just above a healthy, outward facing bud with sharp, clean secatures. Remove weak and spindly shoots (less than 'pencil thickness').

For renewal, cut back one-third of the oldest stems almost to the base in the first year. In subsequent years remove a further one-third each year.