Sow by seed in situ in spring or autumn

Sow by seed in situ in (outside in the final planting spot) in spring or autumn. In spring wait until after last heavy frost, otherwise tender young seedlings may not thrive.

Read seed-packet directions carefully. Many annuals and perennials can be sown directly in the ground, but some should be started in containers, then transplanted.

Double-check the timing on the seed packet. Some plants like to be planted outdoors in early spring, while temperatures are cold. Others must wait until after your area's average last frost date.

Prepare the soil. Most seeds demand optimum conditions. Work in plenty of compost with a spade or spading fork to a depth of at least 20-30 cm down. The soil should be loose and crumbly and moist before planting. Rake smooth.

Then sow the seeds. Follow package directions on sowing depth. As a rough rule, the larger the seed, the deeper it must be planted. Some very small seeds are just scattered directly on the soil and not covered up at all.

Water newly planted seeds gently. It's easy for seeds to be washed away by heavy watering. Use the mist attachment on a watering wand or a watering can that has a gentle sprinkle. Be sure to keep soil moist until seedlings are up.