Sow seed starting in a protected environment

Sowing seed in a protected environment is an easy and successful way of producing new plants.  For best results use clean pots and trays, fresh compost and tap water.

Fill trays, pots or modules with seed sowing compost plus 50% horticultural sand to aid drainage.  Firm the compost lightly to produce a level surface and sow seed thinly and evenly by tapping from the palm of the hand or seed packet.  Cover evenly with a thin layer of compost or vermiculite, and label the pots.  Very fine seed such as lobelia or begonia can be mixed with a large pinch of fine, dry (silver) sand to help spread it evenly over the surface of the compost, and should not be covered.

Watering should be done with a fine rose BEFORE sowing, or containers may be placed in a water bath after sowing seed.  Allow to drain, and place the containers in a heated propagator, warm room or cold frame away from strong sunlight.  The ideal temperature for germination differs with species, but 18 - 22^oC suits many.

Germination may take place within a few days, but may take much longer.  Compost should not be allowed to dry out, but over wet compost encourages fungal diseases and should be avoided.  Remove condensation from the inside of propagators and increase ventilation after germination to acclimitize seedlings to the ambient temperature.

When seedlings are just large enough to handle they should be pricked out into trays, pots or modules filled with potting compost.  Gently loosen the compost around a group of seedlings with a dibber.  Transfer individual seedlings, holding onto the leaf only, into a dibbed hole.  Firm the compost around the stem to prevent the roots drying out, water with a fine rose, and place out of strong sunlight until re-established.

Grow the seedlings on, ensuring they have good light to prevent them becoming drawn.  When conditions are suitable move plants grown inside to a cold frame or outdoors, gradually acclimatizating them to the conditions. Some plants may need further potting on before they are ready to be planted in their final position.