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Heteromeles salicifolia (Toyon)

Other names: Red chokebery, Christmas berry, Tollon, Heteromeles arbutifolia, Californian May bush, California holly, Photinia arbutifolia, Crataegus arbutifolia

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Species
H. salicifolia is an upright, evergreen, borderline hardy shrub or small tree with ovate, oblong, or lance-shaped, leathery, toothed, dark green leaves and, in summer, flattened panicles of small, saucer-shaped, white flowers followed by edible, ovoid, scarlet fruit.
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Season of interest

Flower

Spring Summer Autumn Winter
Flower

Foliage

Spring Summer Autumn Winter
Foliage
Height and spread

Height and spread

Size Max height Max spread To maturity
8 m 3 m 10-20 years
26 ft 9 ft 10-20 years

Where to grow

Soil type
  • Clay
  • Loamy
  • Sandy
Soil drainage
  • Well-drained
Soil pH
  • Acid
  • Neutral
Sunlight
  • Full Sun
Aspect
  • East
  • West
  • South
Exposure
  • Sheltered

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Additional plant details

Cultivation

Grow in fertile, well-drained soil in a sheltered, sunny site. Best in neutral soil but tolerates a wide range of soil conditions. Protect from cold, drying winds in winter. Tolerates partial shade.

Suggested uses

Coastal, Mediterranean, Hedging/Screens, Low Maintenance, Wallside and trellises

UK hardiness

H3

USDA zones

Zone 8, Zone 9, Zone 10, Zone 11

Sunset zone

5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24

WUCOLS

North-Central Coastal = Low
Central Valley = Very Low
South Coastal = Very Low
South Inland = Low
High and Intermediate Desert = Low
Low Desert = Inappropriate

Foliage

Evergreen

Habit

Upright

Native to

California, Mexico

Drought tolerant

No

Flood tolerant

No

Toxicity

Parts of this plant are poisonous if ingested.

Plant care

Pruning

Pruning group 1

Propagation methods

Seed, Semi-ripe cuttings

Pests

Diseases

Fireblight

Powdery mildew

Leaf spot

Plant container grown plants in deep fertile, well-drained soil

Selective pruning only (only if needed)

Plant container grown plants in a sunny sheltered spot

Protect from cold drying winds (in cold areas)

Plant in fertile, humus-rich, well-drained soils

Take semi-ripe cuttings

Sow seeds in a cold frame in autumn

Other plants

Plants in this Genus (2)

Heteromeles

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Heteromeles salicifolia
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Heteromeles salicifolia Toyon
Heteromeles salicifolia 'Davis Gold'
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Heteromeles salicifolia 'Davis Gold' Toyon 'Davis Gold'
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Companion plants (48)

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Ribes sanguineum 'Oregon Snowflake'
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Ribes sanguineum 'Oregon Snowflake' Flowering currant 'Oregon Snowflake'
Ribes inerme
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Ribes inerme Whitestem gooseberry
Ribes wolfii
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Ribes wolfii Wolf's currant
Ribes lacustre
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Ribes lacustre Prickly currant
Ribes cereum
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Ribes cereum Wax currant
Ribes montigenum
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Ribes montigenum Mountain gooseberry
Rodgersia pinnata 'Buckland Beauty'
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Rodgersia pinnata 'Buckland Beauty' Featherleaf rodgersia 'Buckland Beauty'
Rodgersia podophylla 'Saarbrucken'
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Rodgersia podophylla 'Saarbrucken' Rodgers' bronze-leaf 'Saarbrucken'
Rodgersia pinnata 'Maurice Mason'
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Rodgersia pinnata 'Maurice Mason' Featherleaf rodgersia 'Maurice Mason'
Malva alcea var. fastigiata
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Malva alcea var. fastigiata Upright musk mallow
Lespedeza thunbergii subsp. formosa
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Lespedeza thunbergii subsp. formosa Oriental lespedeza
Rodgersia nepalensis
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Rodgersia nepalensis Nepalese rodgersia
Ribes sanguineum 'Somerset White'
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Ribes sanguineum 'Somerset White' Flowering currant 'Somerset White'
Rodgersia pinnata 'Cally Salmon'
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Rodgersia pinnata 'Cally Salmon' Featherleaf rodgersia 'Cally Salmon'
Rodgersia 'Dark Pokers'
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Rodgersia 'Dark Pokers' Rodgersia 'Dark Pokers'
Rodgersia 'Die Schone'
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Rodgersia 'Die Schone' Rodgersia 'Die Schone'
Ribes malvaceum
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Ribes malvaceum Chaparral currant
Rodgersia aesculifolia var. henrici
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Rodgersia aesculifolia var. henrici Fingerleaf rodgersia
Malva sylvestris 'Brave Heart'
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Malva sylvestris 'Brave Heart' Mallow 'Brave Heart'
Ribes sanguineum 'Tydeman's White'
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Ribes sanguineum 'Tydeman's White' Flowering currant 'Tydeman's White'
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Related content

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