Cultivation
Plant in any soil in sun or partial shade. Site carefully as once established, it is difficult to remove or eradicate. Labelled a noxious weed in some introduced areas, particularly the Midwestern United States.
Suggested uses
Banks and Slopes, Ground Cover, Containers/Patio, Beds and borders, Cottage/Informal, City
UK hardiness
H7
USDA zones
Zone 4, Zone 5, Zone 6, Zone 7, Zone 8, Zone 9
Sunset zone
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 1, 2, 3, A2, A3, A1
WUCOLS
North-Central Coastal = Moderate/Medium
Central Valley = Moderate/Medium
South Coastal = Moderate/Medium
South Inland = Moderate/Medium
High and Intermediate Desert = Unknown
Low Desert = Unknown
Foliage
Evergreen
Habit
Erect
Native to
Great Britain, Temperate regions worldwide
Drought tolerant
No
Flood tolerant
Yes
Toxicity
Toxic to animals. Reports on toxicity to humans are contradictory.